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1.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 17(1): 23-26, jul. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-412451

ABSTRACT

Insecticides are used for stored cereal protection against insect attack and the occurrence of their residues needs to be evaluated not only in grain but also in the processed products. This study evaluates the residue degradation/persistence of the organophosphorous insecticide pirimiphos-methyl in corn and popcorn grains and in some of their processed products such as bran, hominy and corn flour from corn and popped popcorn. Grains were treated with pirimiphos-methyl at the rate of 12 mg.kg-1 (a.i.). Samples were taken and analyzed at zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 days after treatment. The analytical method consisted of residue extraction with acetone, clean-up partition with acetonitrile/hexane and silica gel column chromatography eluted with a mixture of hexane + acetone. Quantitative measurements were made by gas chromatography, using flame photometric detector (GLC/FPD). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were: corn grain, hominy and popped popcorn 0.05 mg.kg-1; bran, corn flour and popcorn grain 0.1 mg.kg-1. Pirimiphos-methyl residues were not persistent in either types of grains or in their processed products. At the end of sampling period (240 days), 5 to 8-fold less residues were found in corn bran and popcorn. Hominy and corn flour showed low levels of contamination. Higher residue concentrations in corn bran than in grains are related to the higher oil content in that processed product


Subject(s)
Chemical Waste Degradation , Insecticides, Organophosphate , Zea mays/toxicity , Chromatography, Gas
2.
Neotrop. entomol ; 32(4): 707-711, Oct.-Dec. 2003. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513679

ABSTRACT

The degradation/persistence of residues of the organophosphorus insecticide pirimiphos-methyl was determined in corn and popcorn grains and in some of their processed products such as grain, bran, hominy and corn flour from corn and prepared popcorn and grain from popcorn. The action of the insecticide on the control of the corn weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Mots., was also evaluated. The grains were treated with the concentration of 12 mg.kg-1 (ppm) a.i. pirimiphos-methyl for the control of the weevils. Samples were taken at zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 days after treatment. Quantitative measurements were made by gas chromatography, by using a flame photometric detector. For pirimiphos-methyl residual action studies, samples of both types of grain were taken at 15, 30 days after treatment and subsequently at monthly intervals up to one year. Treated and non-treated (control) grains were infested with weevil adults. Mortality was checked 15 days after exposure. Pirimiphos-methyl residues were not persistent in either types of grains or their processed products. Residues dropped 5- 8-fold in corn bran and popcorn. They were stable in hominy and corn flour, but the concentration levels were low. Higher residues in corn bran than in grain are related to the higher oil content in that processed product. The insecticide remained effective against the pest over the entire period of observation (1 year) for both types of grains.


Foi avaliada a degradação/persistência dos resíduos do inseticida organofosforado pirimifós-metil em grãos e produtos derivados de milho (farelo, canjica e farinha de milho) e de milho pipoca (pipoca), bem como a ação residual do inseticida no controle do gorgulho do milho, Sitophilus zeamais Mots. Os grãos foram tratados com a concentração de 12 mg.kg-1 (ppm) de ingrediente ativo para controle do gorgulho. As amostras foram tomadas logo após o tratamento e também aos 15, 30, 60, 120 e 240 dias após o tratamento. A determinação quantitativa foi feita por cromatografia em fase gasosa, usando-se um detector fotométrico de chama. Para os estudos sobre a ação residual de pirimifós-metil, amostras de ambos os tipos de grãos foram tomadas aos 15 e 30 dias após o tratamento e subseqüentemente a intervalos mensais pelo período de um ano. Grãos tratados e não-tratados (testemunha) foram infestados com adultos do gorgulho. A mortalidade foi avaliada 15 dias após a exposição. Os resíduos de pirimifós-metil não foram persistentes em ambos os tipos de grãos nem nos seus produtos derivados. Os resíduos decresceram 5-8 vezes no farelo de milho e na pipoca. Na canjica e na farinha de milho eles foram estáveis, porém os níveis foram baixos. Resíduos maiores no farelo do que nos grãos estão relacionados com o maior teor de óleo no produto processado. O inseticida manteve-se eficiente contra a praga por todo período de observação (1 ano) para os dois tipos de grãos.

3.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 15(1): 5-8, jul. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-320546

ABSTRACT

Resíduos do inseticida organofosforado pirimifós-metil em gräos de trigo e em alguns de seus produtos derivados (farelo, farinha branca, farinha integral e päo) foram estudados, com o objetivo de se avaliar sua degradaçäo/persistência nesses substratos alimentares.Os gräos foram tratados com dose de 12mg.kg-1 (ppm) com o produto comercial Actellic 500 CE (500g de pirimifós-metil/L de produto comercial), para controle de carunchos. As amostras foram tomadas aos zeros, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 240 dias após o tratamento. O método analítico constou de extraçäo dos resíduos com acetona, limpeza do extrato em partiçäo acetonitrila/hexano, seguida de coluna cromatográfica de sílica gel eluída com mistura de hexano+acetona


Subject(s)
Insecticides, Organophosphate , Triticum
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